Physical Chemistry 2   (022A2)

Academic year:

2024/2025.

Attendance requirements:

001A2 / 011A2

ECTS:

7

Study level:

Study programs:

Teacher:

Ljubiša M. Ignjatović, Ph.D.
full professor, Faculty for Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Beograd

Assistant:

Srna J. Stojanović
teaching assistant, Faculty for Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Beograd

Hours of instruction:

Weekly: three hours of lectures + three hours of labwork (3+0+3)

Goals:

Acquiring basic knowledge of the structure and properties of matter: the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, primarily from the aspect of quantum mechanics; atomic and molecular spectroscopy; the structure and properties of solid, liquid and liquid-crystal state, colloids and macromolecules; the properties of phase boundaries and adsorption; the structure and properties of the atomic nucleus.

Outcome:

Students have acquired fundamental knowledge of the structure and properties of atoms and molecules. They are familiar with the structure and properties of different states of matter. They understand the connection between the structure of atomic and molecular spectra and the structural characteristics of atoms and molecules.

Teaching methods:

Lectures, experimental exercises, theory exercises, calculation exercises.

Extracurricular activities:

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Coursebooks:

Main coursebooks:

1. G. Ćirić-Marjanović: Physical Chemistry 2 - lectures (each student gets a CD with the lectures in PDF; the book with the same content is available in the Library of the Faculty of Physical Chemistry).
2. Lj. Ignjatović: Physical Chemistry 2 - lectures (each student gets a CD with the lectures in PDF)
3. W. J. Moore: Physical Chemistry, Naučna knjiga, Beograd, 1962. (the second edition, translated from English by M. Simić)
4. P. W. Atkins: Physical Chemistry (the sixth edition), Oxford University Press, 1998.
5. D. Minić, A. Antić-Jovanović: Fizička hemija, Fakultet za fizičku hemiju i Biološki fakultet univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, 2005.
6. R. Konjević, I. Holclajtner-Antunović, N. Kovačić: Praktikum iz fizičke hemije za studente hemije, Prirodno matematički fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu i Jugoslovenski zavod za produktivnost rada i informacione sisteme, Beograd, 1985.
7. Radna sveska iz fizičke hemije sa uputstvima za vežbe, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za fizičku hemiju, Beograd 2006. by a group of authors from the Department of General and Physical Chemistry (available in Serbian only)
8. Examples of the problems for the progress tests with answers (available in the Library of the Faculty of Physical Chemistry)

Supplementary coursebooks:

1. A. Antić-Jovanović: Atomska spektroskopija - spektrohemijski aspekt, Fakultet za fizičku hemiju, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, 1999.
2. A. Antić-Jovanović: Molekulska spektroskopija - spektrohemijski aspekt, Fakultet za fizičku hemiju, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, 2002.
3. S. Macura, J. Radić-Perić: Atomistika, JP Službeni list SCG, Fakultet za fizičku hemiju Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, 2004.
4. I. Draganić: Radioaktivni izotopi i zračenja, knjige I i II, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za nuklearne nauke "Boris Kidrič", Vinča, Centar za permanentno obrazovanje "Škola", Beograd 1981 (knjiga I), 1985 (knjiga II).

Additional material:

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Lectures:

5 points (3 hours a week)

Syllabus:

Weeks 1 and 2: Determination of charge-to-mass ratio of microparticles, fundamentals of mass spectrometry. Electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Atomic models in classical physics. The Bohr’s atomic model. The hydrogen atom and hydrogen spectrum in Bohr’s theory. Experimental foundations of quantum theory. Wave-particle duality. Atomic spectroscopy. The spectra of hydrogen-like ions. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

Week 3: Quantum theory. The principles and applications of wave (quantum) mechanics. The Schrödinger equation. The physical significance of the wave function. The solution of the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom and one-electron ions. Quantum numbers, atomic orbitals, electron spin, the vector model of the atom. Multi-electron atoms. The Pauli exclusion principle. The electron configuration of the atom. The periodic table of elements. Periodic trends of elements. Structure and spectra of multi-electron atoms. X-radiation; methods of analysis based on X-ray spectrometry.

Week 4: Chemical bonds, the types of chemical bonds. The valence-bond method. The orientation of the covalent bond and bond hybridization. The molecular orbital method. The Hückel molecular orbital theory. The metallic bond. The theories of the chemical bond in complexes.

Week 5: Molecular structure. Molecular spectroscopy. Rotational spectra.

Week 6: Vibrational spectra. Vibrational-rotational spectra.

Week 7: The electronic spectra of molecules. The electronic spectra of organic compounds. The electronic spectra of inorganic compounds.

Week 8: Fluorescence spectra. Phosphorescence spectra. Photochemical reactions. Lasers. Raman spectroscopy.

Week 9: The electric and magnetic properties of molecules. Intermolecular forces. Hydrogen bond. Molecular symmetry.

Week 10: Solid state of matter. Symmetry of crystals. Energy of the crystal structure. Formation of the crystal structure. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Week 11: The properties and processes at the phase boundary, surface tension, adsorption.

Week 12: Liquid state of matter. Liquid crystals.

Week 13: Colloids. Macromolecules.

Week 14: Nuclear magnetic resonance. Electron spin resonance.

Week 15: Properties of the atomic nucleus. Radioactivity. Nuclear reactions. Applications of radioisotopes. Detection of radioactive radiation.

Labwork:

30 points (3 hours a week)

Syllabus:

Weeks 1-4: Atoms, atomic spectroscopy. Experimental exercises: 1. Flame photometric determination of alkali metals; 2. Qualitative spectroscopic analysis; 3. The structure, spectra and stability of atoms (alternative).

Weeks 5-7: Molecules, molecular spectroscopy. Experimental exercises: 4. Spectrophotometric determination of the stability constant of [FeSCN]²⁺ complex; 5. Recording an absorption spectrum and testing the Lambert-Beer law; 6. Determining the apparent and actual molar volume and size of molecules (alternative).

Weeks 8-9: Solid state of matter. Theory exercise: 7. Determining the parameter and the type of a cubic lattice.

Weeks 10-11: Surface phenomena at phase boundaries. Experimental exercises: 8. The Gibbs adsorption isotherm; 9. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

Weeks 12-13: Colloidal state of matter and macromolecules. Experimental exercises: 10. Viscosimetric determination of the mean molar mass of macromolecules; 11. The isoelectric point of colloids.

Weeks 14-15: Radioactivity. Experimental exercises: 12. Determining the energy of radiation by using scintillation spectrometry; 13. Determining the half-life of a radioactive isotope (alternative).

The total of 30 points is the sum of the 10 points assigned for doing the experimental exercises and the 20 points assigned for the tests on the units covered in laboratory classes.

Colloquia:

20 points

Remarks:

The maximum number of points in each of the two progress tests is 10.

Written exam:

15 points

Oral exam:

30 points